March 16, 2022

How to Check if Variable is Null or Empty or Undefined in Javascript

By Krishnaa JavaScript Questions 0 Comments

In this tutorial, you will learn how to check if variable is null or empty or undefined in javascript. Whenever you create a variable and do not assign any value to it, by default it is always undefined. It becomes defined only when you assign some value to it.

A variable is considered to be empty when it holds an empty string as its value. An empty string has a length of 0. Null is one of the primitive data types of javascript. A null value represents the intentional absence of any object value.

There are numerous ways to check if a variable is null or empty or undefined. We are going to use one of the easiest solutions which involve the usage of the typeof and ternary (?) operators. The typeof operator returns the type of the variable. The ternary operator is also known as the conditional operator which acts similar to the if-else statement.

In the following example, we have one global variable and upon click of a button, we will check if the variable is null or empty or undefined and display the result on the screen. Please have a look over the code example and the steps given below.

HTML & CSS

We have 3 elements in the HTML file (div, button, and h1). The div element is just a wrapper for the rest of the elements.
The innerText for the button element is “Check” and for the h1 element, it is “Result”.
We have done some basic styling using CSS and added the link to our style.css stylesheet inside the head element.
We have also included our javascript file script.js with a script tag at the bottom.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    
    <div>
        <button>Check</button>
        <h1>Result</h1>
    </div>

    <script src="script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

body {
    text-align: center;
}

div {
    display: inline-block;
}

button {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 10px 20px;
}

Javascript

We have selected the button element and h1 element using the document.querySelector() method and stored them in btnCheck and result variables respectively.
We have a global variable myVar which holds null as its value.
We have attached a click event listener to the button element.
In the event handler function, we are calling checkVariable() method and passing it myVar as a parameter. This method will verify whether myVar is null or empty or undefined.
In the checkVariable() method, we are using typeof and ternary (?) operators as well as switch statement for verification. Depending upon the result of the check, this method will return "Null", “Empty”, "Undefined" or “Not Undefined, Empty, or Null”.
We are displaying the returned value in the h1 element using the innerText property.

let btnCheck = document.querySelector("button");
let result = document.querySelector("h1");

let myVar = null;
btnCheck.addEventListener("click", () => {
  result.innerText = checkVariable(myVar);
});

function checkVariable(value) {
  let output = typeof value == "undefined" ? 1 : 0;
  if (output == 0) output = value == "" ? 2 : 0;
  if (output == 0) output = value == null ? 3 : 0;

  switch (output) {
    case 1:
      return "Undefined";
    case 2:
      return "Empty";
    case 3:
      return "Null";
    default:
      return "Not Undefined, Empty, or Null";
  }
}

You May Also Like: